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Compare Northern Mariana Islands (2001) - Brunei (2001)
Compare Northern Mariana Islands (2001) z Brunei (2001)
| Northern Mariana Islands (2001) | Brunei (2001) | |
 |  | |
| Administrative divisions | none (commonwealth in political union with the US); there are no first-order administrative divisions as defined by the US Government, but there are four municipalities at the second order; Northern Islands, Rota, Saipan, Tinian | 4 districts (daerah-daerah, singular - daerah); Belait, Brunei and Muara, Temburong, Tutong |
| Age structure | 0-14 years:
23.55% (male 8,929; female 8,639) 15-64 years: 74.72% (male 26,242; female 29,509) 65 years and over: 1.73% (male 639; female 654) (2001 est.) |
0-14 years:
30.77% (male 53,977; female 51,772) 15-64 years: 66.52% (male 121,601; female 107,007) 65 years and over: 2.71% (male 4,449; female 4,847) (2001 est.) |
| Agriculture - products | coconuts, fruits, vegetables; cattle | rice, vegetables, fruits, chickens, water buffalo |
| Airports | 6 (2000 est.) | 2 (2000 est.) |
| Airports - with paved runways | total:
3 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 2 (2000 est.) |
total:
1 over 3,047 m: 1 (2000 est.) |
| Airports - with unpaved runways | total:
3 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 under 914 m: 2 (2000 est.) |
total:
1 914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2000 est.) |
| Area | total:
477 sq km land: 477 sq km water: 0 sq km note: includes 14 islands including Saipan, Rota, and Tinian |
total:
5,770 sq km land: 5,270 sq km water: 500 sq km |
| Area - comparative | 2.5 times the size of Washington, DC | slightly smaller than Delaware |
| Background | Under US administration as part of the UN Trust Territory of the Pacific, the people of the Northern Mariana Islands decided in the 1970s not to seek independence but instead to forge closer links with the US. Negotiations for territorial status began in 1972. A covenant to establish a commonwealth in political union with the US was approved in 1975. A new government and constitution went into effect in 1978. | The Sultanate of Brunei's heyday occurred between the 15th and 17th centuries, when its control extended over coastal areas of northwest Borneo and the southern Philippines. Brunei subsequently entered a period of decline brought on by internal strife over royal succession, colonial expansion of European powers, and piracy. In 1888, Brunei became a British protectorate; independence was achieved in 1984. Brunei benefits from extensive petroleum and natural gas fields, the source of one of the highest per capita GDPs in the less developed countries. The same family has now ruled in Brunei for over six centuries. |
| Birth rate | 20.6 births/1,000 population (2001 est.) | 20.45 births/1,000 population (2001 est.) |
| Budget | revenues:
$221 million expenditures: $213 million, including capital expenditures of $17.7 million (1996) |
revenues:
$2.5 billion expenditures: $2.6 billion, including capital expenditures of $1.35 billion (1997 est.) |
| Capital | Saipan | Bandar Seri Begawan |
| Climate | tropical marine; moderated by northeast trade winds, little seasonal temperature variation; dry season December to June, rainy season July to October | tropical; hot, humid, rainy |
| Coastline | 1,482 km | 161 km |
| Constitution | Covenant Agreement effective 4 November 1986 and the Constitution of the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands effective 1 January 1978 | 29 September 1959 (some provisions suspended under a State of Emergency since December 1962, others since independence on 1 January 1984) |
| Country name | conventional long form:
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands conventional short form: Northern Mariana Islands former: Mariana Islands District (Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands) |
conventional long form:
Negara Brunei Darussalam conventional short form: Brunei |
| Currency | US dollar (USD) | Bruneian dollar (BND) |
| Death rate | 2.4 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.) | 3.38 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.) |
| Debt - external | $NA | $0 |
| Dependency status | commonwealth in political union with the US; federal funds to the Commonwealth administered by the US Department of the Interior, Office of Insular Affairs | - |
| Diplomatic representation from the US | - | chief of mission:
Ambassador Sylvia Gaye STANFIELD embassy: Third Floor, Teck Guan Plaza, Jalan Sultan, Bandar Seri Begawan mailing address: PSC 470 (BSB), FPO AP 96507 telephone: [673] (2) 229670 FAX: [673] (2) 225293 |
| Diplomatic representation in the US | - | chief of mission:
Ambassador Pengiran Anak Dato Haji PUTEH Ibni Mohammad Alam chancery: 3520 International Court NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 342-0159 FAX: [1] (202) 342-0158 |
| Disputes - international | none | possibly involved in a complex dispute over the Spratly Islands with China, Malaysia, Philippines, Taiwan, and Vietnam; in 1984, Brunei established an exclusive fishing zone that encompasses Louisa Reef in the southern Spratly Islands, but has not publicly claimed the island |
| Economic aid - recipient | extensive funding from US | $4.3 million (1995) |
| Economy - overview | The economy benefits substantially from financial assistance from the US. The rate of funding has declined as locally generated government revenues have grown. The key tourist industry employs about 50% of the work force and accounts for roughly one-fourth of GDP. Japanese tourists predominate. Annual tourist entries have exceeded one-half million in recent years, but financial difficulties in Japan have caused a temporary slowdown. The agricultural sector is made up of cattle ranches and small farms producing coconuts, breadfruit, tomatoes, and melons. Garment production is by far the most important industry with employment of 12,000 mostly Chinese workers and sizable shipments to the US under duty and quota exemptions. | This small, wealthy economy is a mixture of foreign and domestic entrepreneurship, government regulation and welfare measures, and village tradition. Exports of crude oil and natural gas account for over half of GDP. Per capita GDP is far above most other Third World countries, and substantial income from overseas investment supplements income from domestic production. The government provides for all medical services and subsidizes rice and housing. Brunei's leaders are concerned that steadily increased integration in the world economy will undermine internal social cohesion although it became a more prominent player by serving as chairman for the 2000 APEC (Asian Pacific Economic Cooperation) forum. Plans for the future include upgrading the labor force, reducing unemployment, strengthening the banking and tourist sectors, and, in general, a further widening of the economic base beyond oil and gas. |
| Electricity - consumption | NA kWh | 2.274 billion kWh (1999) |
| Electricity - exports | - | 0 kWh (1999) |
| Electricity - imports | - | 0 kWh (1999) |
| Electricity - production | NA kWh | 2.445 billion kWh (1999) |
| Electricity - production by source | - | fossil fuel:
100% hydro: 0% nuclear: 0% other: 0% (1999) |
| Elevation extremes | lowest point:
Pacific Ocean 0 m highest point: unnamed location on Agrihan 965 m |
lowest point:
South China Sea 0 m highest point: Bukit Pagon 1,850 m |
| Environment - current issues | contamination of groundwater on Saipan may contribute to disease; clean-up of landfill; protection of endangered species conflicts with development | seasonal smoke/haze resulting from forest fires in Indonesia |
| Environment - international agreements | - | party to:
Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements |
| Ethnic groups | Chamorro, Carolinians and other Micronesians, Caucasian, Japanese, Chinese, Korean | Malay 67%, Chinese 15%, indigenous 6%, other 12% |
| Exchange rates | the US dollar is used | Bruneian dollars per US dollar - 1.7365 (January 2001), 1.7240 (2000), 1.6950 (1999), 1.6736 (1998), 1.4848 (1997), 1.4100 (1996); note - the Bruneian dollar is at par with the Singapore dollar |
| Executive branch | chief of state:
President George W. BUSH of the US (since 20 January 2001); Vice President Richard B. CHENEY (since 20 January 2001) head of government: Governor Pedro P. TENORIO (since NA January 1998) and Lieutenant Governor Jesus R. SABLAN (since NA January 1998) cabinet: NA elections: US president and vice president elected on the same ticket for four-year terms; governor and lieutenant governor elected on the same ticket by popular vote for four-year terms; election last held in NA November 1997 (next to be held NA November 2001) election results: Pedro P. TENORIO elected governor in a three-way race; percent of vote - Pedro P. TENORIO (Republican Party) 47% |
chief of state:
Sultan and Prime Minister Sir HASSANAL Bolkiah (since 5 October 1967); note - the monarch is both the chief of state and head of government head of government: Sultan and Prime Minister Sir HASSANAL Bolkiah (since 5 October 1967); note - the monarch is both the chief of state and head of government cabinet: Council of Cabinet Ministers appointed and presided over by the monarch; deals with executive matters; note - there is also a Religious Council (members appointed by the monarch) that advises on religious matters, a Privy Council (members appointed by the monarch) that deals with constitutional matters, and the Council of Succession (members appointed by the monarch) that determines the succession to the throne if the need arises elections: none; the monarch is hereditary |
| Exports | $NA | $2.55 billion (f.o.b., 1999 est.) |
| Exports - commodities | garments | crude oil, natural gas, refined products |
| Exports - partners | US | Japan 42%, US 17%, South Korea 14%, Thailand 3% (1999) |
| Fiscal year | 1 October - 30 September | calendar year |
| Flag description | blue, with a white, five-pointed star superimposed on the gray silhouette of a latte stone (a traditional foundation stone used in building) in the center, surrounded by a wreath | yellow with two diagonal bands of white (top, almost double width) and black starting from the upper hoist side; the national emblem in red is superimposed at the center; the emblem includes a swallow-tailed flag on top of a winged column within an upturned crescent above a scroll and flanked by two upraised hands |
| GDP | purchasing power parity - $900 million (2000 est.)
note: GDP numbers reflect US spending |
purchasing power parity - $5.9 billion (2000 est.) |
| GDP - composition by sector | agriculture:
NA% industry: NA% services: NA% |
agriculture:
5% industry: 46% services: 49% (1996 est.) |
| GDP - per capita | purchasing power parity - $12,500 (2000 est.) | purchasing power parity - $17,600 (2000 est.) |
| GDP - real growth rate | NA% | 3% (2000 est.) |
| Geographic coordinates | 15 12 N, 145 45 E | 4 30 N, 114 40 E |
| Geography - note | strategic location in the North Pacific Ocean | close to vital sea lanes through South China Sea linking Indian and Pacific Oceans; two parts physically separated by Malaysia; almost an enclave of Malaysia |
| Heliports | 1 (2000 est.) | 3 (2000 est.) |
| Highways | total:
362 km paved: NA km unpaved: NA km (1991) |
total:
1,712 km paved: 1,284 km unpaved: 428 km (1996) |
| Household income or consumption by percentage share | lowest 10%:
NA% highest 10%: NA% |
lowest 10%:
NA% highest 10%: NA% |
| Illicit drugs | - | drug trafficking and illegally importing controlled substances are serious offenses in Brunei and carry a mandatory death penalty |
| Imports | $NA | $1.3 billion (c.i.f., 1999 est.) |
| Imports - commodities | food, construction equipment and materials, petroleum products | machinery and transport equipment, manufactured goods, food, chemicals |
| Imports - partners | US, Japan | Singapore 34%, UK 15%, Malaysia 15%, US 5% (1999) |
| Independence | none (commonwealth in political union with the US) | 1 January 1984 (from UK) |
| Industrial production growth rate | NA% | 4% (1997 est.) |
| Industries | tourism, construction, garments, handicrafts | petroleum, petroleum refining, liquefied natural gas, construction |
| Infant mortality rate | 5.7 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.) | 14.4 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.) |
| Inflation rate (consumer prices) | 1.2% (1997 est.) | 1% (1999 est.) |
| International organization participation | ESCAP (associate), Interpol (subbureau), SPC | APEC, ARF, ASEAN, C, CCC, ESCAP, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDB, IFRCS, IMF, IMO, Inmarsat, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, ISO (correspondent), ITU, NAM, OIC, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTrO |
| Internet Service Providers (ISPs) | 1 (2000) | 2 (2000) |
| Irrigated land | NA sq km | 10 sq km (1993 est.) |
| Judicial branch | Commonwealth Supreme Court; Superior Court; Federal District Court | Supreme Court (chief justice and judges are sworn in by the monarch for three-year terms) |
| Labor force | 6,006 total indigenous labor force; 2,699 unemployed; 28,717 foreign workers (1995) | 144,000 (1995 est.); note - includes foreign workers and military personnel
note: temporary residents make up 41% of labor force (1991) |
| Labor force - by occupation | NA | government 48%, production of oil, natural gas, services, and construction 42%, agriculture, forestry, and fishing 10% (1999 est.) |
| Land boundaries | 0 km | total:
381 km border countries: Malaysia 381 km |
| Land use | arable land:
21% permanent crops: 0% permanent pastures: 19% forests and woodland: 0% other: 60% |
arable land:
1% permanent crops: 1% permanent pastures: 1% forests and woodland: 85% other: 12% (1993 est.) |
| Languages | English, Chamorro, Carolinian
note: 86% of population speaks a language other than English at home |
Malay (official), English, Chinese |
| Legal system | based on US system, except for customs, wages, immigration laws, and taxation | based on English common law; for Muslims, Islamic Shari'a law supersedes civil law in a number of areas |
| Legislative branch | bicameral Legislature consists of the Senate (9 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve four-year staggered terms) and the House of Representatives (18 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve two-year terms)
elections: Senate - last held 9 November 1999 (next to be held NA November 2001); House of Representatives - last held 9 November 1999 (next to be held NA November 2001) election results: Senate - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - Republican Party 6, Democratic Party 2, Reform Party 1; House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - Republican Party 10, Democratic Party 8 note: the Commonwealth does not have a nonvoting delegate in the US Congress; instead, it has an elected official or "resident representative" located in Washington, DC; seats by party - Republican Party 1 (Juan N. BABAUTA) |
unicameral Legislative Council or Majlis Masyuarat Megeri (a privy council that serves only in a consultative capacity; NA seats; members appointed by the monarch)
elections: last held in March 1962 note: in 1970 the Council was changed to an appointive body by decree of the monarch; an elected Legislative Council is being considered as part of constitutional reform, but elections are unlikely for several years |
| Life expectancy at birth | total population:
75.74 years male: 72.65 years female: 79.02 years (2001 est.) |
total population:
73.82 years male: 71.45 years female: 76.31 years (2001 est.) |
| Literacy | definition:
age 15 and over can read and write total population: 97% male: 97% female: 96% (1980 est.) |
definition:
age 15 and over can read and write total population: 88.2% male: 92.6% female: 83.4% (1995 est.) |
| Location | Oceania, islands in the North Pacific Ocean, about three-quarters of the way from Hawaii to the Philippines | Southeastern Asia, bordering the South China Sea and Malaysia |
| Map references | Oceania | Southeast Asia |
| Maritime claims | exclusive economic zone:
200 NM territorial sea: 12 NM |
exclusive economic zone:
200 NM or to median line territorial sea: 12 NM |
| Merchant marine | none (2000 est.) | total:
7 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 348,476 GRT/340,635 DWT ships by type: liquefied gas 7 (2000 est.) |
| Military - note | defense is the responsibility of the US | - |
| Military branches | - | Land Forces, Navy, Air Force, Royal Brunei Police |
| Military expenditures - dollar figure | - | $343 million (FY98) |
| Military expenditures - percent of GDP | - | 5.1% (FY98) |
| Military manpower - availability | - | males age 15-49:
106,725 (2001 est.) |
| Military manpower - fit for military service | - | males age 15-49:
61,640 (2001 est.) |
| Military manpower - military age | - | 18 years of age |
| Military manpower - reaching military age annually | - | males:
3,005 (2001 est.) |
| National holiday | Commonwealth Day, 8 January (1978) | National Day, 23 February (1984); note - 1 January 1984 was the date of independence from the UK, 23 February 1984 was the date of independence from British protection |
| Nationality | noun:
NA adjective: NA |
noun:
Bruneian(s) adjective: Bruneian |
| Natural hazards | active volcanoes on Pagan and Agrihan; typhoons (especially August to November) | typhoons, earthquakes, and severe flooding are very rare |
| Natural resources | arable land, fish | petroleum, natural gas, timber |
| Net migration rate | 18 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.) | 4.07 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.) |
| Pipelines | - | crude oil 135 km; petroleum products 418 km; natural gas 920 km |
| Political parties and leaders | Democratic Party [Dr. Carlos S. CAMACHO]; Republican Party [Benigno R. FITIAL] | Brunei Solidarity National Party or PPKB in Malay [Haji Mohd HATTA bin Haji Zainal Abidin, president]; the PPKB is the only legal political party in Brunei; it was registered in 1985, but became largely inactive after 1988, it was revived in 1995 and again in 1998; it has less than 200 registered party members; other parties include Brunei People's Party or PRB (banned in 1962) and Brunei National Democratic Party (registered in May 1965, deregistered by the Brunei Government in 1988) |
| Political pressure groups and leaders | NA | NA |
| Population | 74,612 (July 2001 est.) | 343,653 (July 2001 est.) |
| Population below poverty line | NA% | NA% |
| Population growth rate | 3.62% (2001 est.) | 2.11% (2001 est.) |
| Ports and harbors | Saipan, Tinian | Bandar Seri Begawan, Kuala Belait, Muara, Seria, Tutong |
| Radio broadcast stations | AM 2, FM 3, shortwave 1 (1998) | AM 3, FM 10, shortwave 0 (1998) |
| Radios | NA | 329,000 (1998) |
| Railways | 0 km | total:
13 km (private line) narrow gauge: 13 km 0.610-m gauge |
| Religions | Christian (Roman Catholic majority, although traditional beliefs and taboos may still be found) | Muslim (official) 67%, Buddhist 13%, Christian 10%, indigenous beliefs and other 10% |
| Sex ratio | at birth:
1.06 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.03 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.89 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.98 male(s)/female total population: 0.92 male(s)/female (2001 est.) |
at birth:
1.06 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.14 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.92 male(s)/female total population: 1.1 male(s)/female (2001 est.) |
| Suffrage | 18 years of age; universal; indigenous inhabitants are US citizens but do not vote in US presidential elections | none |
| Telephone system | general assessment:
NA domestic: NA international: satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Pacific Ocean) |
general assessment:
service throughout country is excellent; international service good to Europe, US, and East Asia domestic: every service available international: satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Indian Ocean and 1 Pacific Ocean); digital submarine cable links to Malaysia, Singapore, and Philippines (2001) |
| Telephones - main lines in use | 21,000 (1996) | 79,000 (1996) |
| Telephones - mobile cellular | 1,200 (1995) | 43,524 (1996) |
| Television broadcast stations | 1 (on Saipan and one station planned for Rota; in addition, two cable services on Saipan provide varied programming from satellite networks) (1997) | 2 (1997) |
| Terrain | southern islands are limestone with level terraces and fringing coral reefs; northern islands are volcanic | flat coastal plain rises to mountains in east; hilly lowland in west |
| Total fertility rate | 1.76 children born/woman (2001 est.) | 2.44 children born/woman (2001 est.) |
| Unemployment rate | NA% | 4.9% (1995 est.) |
| Waterways | none | 209 km; navigable by craft drawing less than 1.2 m |
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